Risk factors associated with peptic ulcer disease in patients attending two Iraqi teaching hospitals

Abstract

Peptic ulcer disease (PUD) is a chronic condition of the digestive system that can lead to serious complications, increasing both morbidity and mortality and adversely affecting patients’ quality of life. This study aimed to assess the sociodemographic characteristics of the sample and to evaluate patients’ responses to known risk factors associated with PUD. A descriptive study was conducted in hospitals located in Al Hilla, Iraq. A purposive sample of 100 patients diagnosed with PUD was selected based on predefined inclusion criteria. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire and were analysed using descriptive statistics. Frequencies and percentages were used in order to categorize responses, while the mean and standard deviation were calculated in order to assess central tendency and variability. The findings revealed that patients reported high levels of exposure to several risk factors, including psychological stress, consumption of spicy foods, and intake of caffeinated beverages such as tea and coffee. The highest mean score was observed for the use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, whereas the lowest scores were recorded for alcohol consumption, tobacco smoking, and rapid ingestion of food. In conclusion, the study highlights that dietary habits and lifestyle factors play a significant role in the development and exacerbation of PUD.