Serum dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate and anti-Müllerian hormone levels as predictors of polycystic ovarian syndrome and premature ovarian failure in Iraqi women of reproductive age
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.60988/p.v37i2S.155Keywords:
anti-Müllerian hormone; dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate; polycystic ovary syndrome; premature ovarian failure; IraqAbstract
Infertility is defined as the inability of a couple to achieve pregnancy after one year of regular, unprotected sexual intercourse. Among its many causes are ovulatory disorders such as polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), primary ovarian insufficiency (POI; formerly known as “premature ovarian failure”), and anatomical abnormalities of the reproductive system. This case-control study included 120 women aged 20–40 years, divided into two groups: 60 healthy controls and 60 infertile patients, comprising 47 with PCOS and 13 with POI. Data were collected between November 2023 and May 2024 at the Gynaecology Hospital in Kerbala (Iraq). The serum levels of dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEA-S), anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH), luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), oestradiol (E2), prolactin, and testosterone were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). In the PCOS group, serum AMH and DHEA-S levels were found to be significantly elevated (p<0.0001), while in the POI group, both markers were found to be significantly reduced (p<0.0001), compared to those of the control group. Moreover, in the PCOS group, the serum FSH levels were found to be significantly decreased (p<0.0001), whereas the prolactin, testosterone, E2, and LH levels were found to be elevated. Conversely, in the POI group, the serum FSH, prolactin, testosterone, and LH levels were found to be significantly increased (p<0.0001), while the E2 levels were found to be decreased when compared to those of the control group. These findings suggest that AMH and DHEA-S are reliable biomarkers for assessing ovarian function, and could serve as sensitive indicators for the early diagnosis of PCOS and POI in women of reproductive age.
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