The effect of a combination of Andrographis paniculata extract, Nigella sativa, and propolis as immunomodulators on the immune response in rats infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.60988/p.v37i4.106Keywords:
Andrographis paniculata, Immunomodulator, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Nigella sativa, PropolisAbstract
A combination of Nigella sativa, Andrographis paniculata, and propolis extracts was investigated for its immunomodulatory effects on rats infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis. To evaluate the immunomodulatory potential of active compounds in silico, assess their ability to inhibit bacterial growth in vitro, determine an effective dose, and analyze their impact on organ health in infected rats. This study involves several tests, including in silico testing using the Molegro Virtual Docker application, in vitro testing to analyze the potential of the extract against bacterial growth in MODS medium, as well as in vivo testing which includes measurement of body weight in rats, white and red blood cell counts, IL-6 and IL-10 examination using ELISA, multiplex PCR test for Mycobacterium species, and histopathological examination of the spleen, lungs, and liver. Molecular docking showed strong receptor binding for andrographolide (-63.66 kcal/mol), thymoquinone (-61.72 kcal/mol), and quercetin (-59.88 kcal/mol). In vitro, the extracts inhibited M. tuberculosis growth at concentrations below 25.5 mg/ml. In vivo, the combination extract (450 mg/kg body weight) improved blood parameters, reduced IL-6 and IL-10 levels, and mitigated histopathological damage in the lungs, spleen, and liver. The combination extract of formula C (a combination of Nigella sativa, Andrographis paniculata, and propolis extracts) at a dose of 450 mg/kg body weight has the potential to exhibit the best activity as an immunomodulator and anti-tuberculosis agent in this study. Further research may validate its therapeutic application.
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