Μηχανιστική Συσχέτιση μεταξύ της Σκλήρυνσης Κατά Πλάκας και Παραγόντων της Παχυσαρκίας. Η Εμπλοκή των Αντιοξειδωτικών
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.60988/p.v37i1.81Keywords:
Multiple Sclerosis, Obesity, Adipokines, Antioxidant compoundsAbstract
Η σκλήρυνση κατά πλάκας (ΣΚΠ) αποτελεί μία ευρέως διαδεδομένη νευροεκφυλιστική νόσο, που προσβάλλει άτομα νέας και μέσης ηλικίας, με κλινικά συμπτώματα, που εμπλέκουν όλο το αισθητηριακό, κινητικό και νοητικό φάσμα. Η ΣΚΠ σχετίζεται με φλεγμονώδεις και οξειδωτικές διεργασίες, στο Κεντρικό Νευρικό Σύστημα, αλλά και περιφερικά επί της συστηματικής κυκλοφορίας, με συμμετοχή πλήθους κυτοκινών και κυτταρων του ανοσοποιητικού. Αντίστοιχα, η παχυσαρκία, αποτελεί μεταβολική νόσο με πολλές μηχανιστικές προεκτάσεις, σε επίπεδο αυξημένου οξειδωτικού stress, φλεγμονής, ορμονικής και μεταβολικής δραστηριότητας του λιπώδους ιστού. Παχυσαρκία και ΣΚΠ δείχνουν να μοιράζονται κοινούς μηχανισμούς προαγωγής τους, που σχετίζονται με τη φλεγμονή, την ανισορροπία σε οξειδωτικό επίπεδο και την λειτουργία των αδιποκινών. Η παρούσα ανασκόπηση στοχεύει να αναδείξει την επίδραση της παχυσαρκίας και των εκκρινόμενων από το λιπώδη ιστό αδιποκινών στην εκδήλωση και εξέλιξη της ΣΚΠ, κύρια σε επίπεδο μηχανιστικό αλλά και σε κλινικό. Ακόμα, λόγω της φύσης της ΣΚΠ, αντιοξειδωτικά στοιχεία και ενώσεις, φυσικές ή μη, προερχόμενες από τη διατροφή, θα μπορούσαν, χάρη στον πολυλειτουργικό τους ρόλο να παρέμβουν θετικά επί αυτής, επεμβαίνοντας και σε μονοπάτια που σχετίζονται και αλλοιώνονται από τη παχυσαρκία και τα οποία εμπλέκονται γενικότερα στην εκδήλωση βιολογικού stress, ανεξαρτήτως του παράγοντα πρόκλησης τους. Παραδείγματα τέτοιων ουσίων θα περιγραφούν, με τους μηχανισμούς εμπλοκής τους στη ΣΚΠ, με σκοπό να διαφανεί η πιθανή συμβολή τους, ως συστατικά συμπληρωμάτων, στην επικουρική αντιμετώπιση της νόσου, τονίζοντας παράλληλα το ρόλο της διατροφής, και του εντερικού μικροβιώματος.
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