Efficacy of antioxidant compounds in obesity and its associated comorbidities
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.60988/p.v36i2.38Keywords:
Παχυσαρκία, Αντιοξειδωτικές Eνώσεις, Βιταμίνη E, Άλφα-λιποϊκό Οξύ, Αντιοξειδωτικά ΈνζυμαAbstract
Obesity is characterized by an excessive accumulation of body fat. It is a chronic metabolic disease caused by multiple factors and has become a worldwide epidemic for decades. It is associated with adverse alterations in adipose tissue endocrine and metabolic activity, which causes substantial increase in systemic oxidative stress (OS) mediated by elevated intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS). The prolonged excess of ROS in cells promotes chronic low-grade inflammation in the body. The combination of OS and chronic inflammation plays a vital role in maintaining the obesity and is a risk factor that leads to the development of insulin resistance (IR), metabolic syndrome (MetS), type II diabetes mellitus (T2DM), cardiovascular disease, hypertension, dyslipidemia, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), various cancers and other associated diseases. Because of the apparent role of over-expression of OS together with under-production of antioxidant mechanisms in the pathogenesis of obesity, there has been a growing interest in negating the pro-oxidant state in obesity in order to ameliorate obesity and associated comorbidities. The administration of various antioxidants compounds have been reported to have activities against obesity and related comorbidities via several mechanism. This review aims to highlight the therapeutic properties of vitamin E, vitamin C, alpha-lipoic acid, L-carnitine, coenzyme Q10, zinc, superoxide anion radical dismutases (SODs), catalase, glutathione peroxidase, N-acetylcysteine and carotenoids in negating OS of cells and ameliorating obesity and associated comorbidities. More specifically, this review will explore how these antioxidant compounds influence molecular signaling pathways to exhibit an antioxidant defense mechanism. Some of the anti-obesity mechanisms of these antioxidants include their ability to improve carbohydrate and lipid metabolism disorders in MetS and T2DM, to prevent endothelial integrity and to normalize the antioxidant status in the liver by preventing obesity-related NAFLD.
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